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Disaggregating Heterogeneity among Non-Hispanic Whites: Evidence and Implications for U.S. Racial/Ethnic Health
Jen'nan Ghazal Read1, Scott M Lynch2, Jessica S West2
1Department of Sociology, Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Population Research and Policy Review
|December 13, 2021
Summary
Health disparities exist within the White population, rivaling those in other racial groups. Ancestry diversity among Whites reveals significant intra-ethnic health variations, challenging homogeneity assumptions.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Public Health
- Health Disparities Research
Background:
- Previous research has focused on disaggregating health data for racial/ethnic minorities.
- Limited understanding exists regarding the diversity and health heterogeneity within the non-Hispanic White population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the extent of health diversity within the non-Hispanic White population by disaggregating it based on ancestry.
- To compare the health disparities within the White population to those within other major racial/ethnic groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized logistic regression modeling on data from the 2008-2016 American Community Survey for respondents aged 40 and older.
- Disaggregated the non-Hispanic White population by ancestry and analyzed common subgroupings within non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic populations.
- Predicted six health outcome measures to compare the spread of coefficients across different racial/ethnic groups and their subgroups.
Main Results:
- Health disparities within the White population were found to be nearly as large as those within other racial groups.
- When disaggregated by ancestry, mean health among Whites showed greater variation than the differences between Whites and other racial/ethnic groups in many instances.
- Compositional shifts in White ancestry, including decreases in Western European and increases in Eastern European and Middle Eastern ancestries, contribute to this observed diversity.
Conclusions:
- The findings challenge the assumption of Whites as a homogeneous group, revealing substantial intra-ethnic health heterogeneity.
- The aggregate 'White' category obscures significant variations in health outcomes within this population.
- Future research and public health initiatives should consider the diverse ancestry and associated health profiles within the White population.
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