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Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

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A Data-Based Approach for Selecting Pre- and Intra-Operative Language Mapping Tasks.

Justyna O Ekert¹, Matthew A Kirkman², Mohamed L Seghier^1,3

¹Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|December 13, 2021

Summary

Object naming tasks for brain surgery patients are being optimized. Naming two objects in a picture shows more consistent brain activation than naming one, improving language mapping accuracy.

Keywords:

brain mapping direct electrical stimulation (DES)fMRI language neurosurgery object naming

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Medical Imaging

Background:

Pre- and intra-operative language mapping is crucial for neurosurgery.
Current object naming tasks lack normative data and standardization.
Optimizing these tasks can improve language mapping sensitivity in brain tumor and epilepsy patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify object naming paradigms with robust and consistent language region activation.
To enhance the sensitivity of language mapping in neurosurgical patients.
To provide normative data for object naming task selection.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used on 79 healthy controls.
A novel threshold-weighted voxel-based consistency mapping approach was employed.
Compared consistency of visual/auditory single-object naming versus two-object naming (phrase/sentence).

Main Results:

Naming two objects per picture yielded greater consistency in language region activation than naming one object.
This finding held true even when controlling for the number of names produced within a set time.
The results highlight differences in activation patterns based on task complexity.

Conclusions:

Two-object naming tasks may be superior for delimiting language-eloquent regions in pre- and intra-operative testing.
Suggests enhanced functional specificity of brain mapping paradigms through consistency data.
Proposes using data-based models of inter-subject consistency to refine brain mapping techniques.