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How Times Have Changed! A Cornucopia of Antigens for Membranous Nephropathy

Tiffany N Caza1, Laith F Al-Rabadi2, Laurence H Beck3

  • 1Arkana Laboratories, Little Rock, AR, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is increasingly classified by target antigens, like phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), beyond primary or secondary forms. Discovering new antigens refines understanding of MN subtypes and their distinct characteristics.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is often linked to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antigen.
  • Numerous other antigens have been identified, defining distinct MN subtypes with unique clinical features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review all identified antigens in subepithelial deposits in MN.
  • To discuss the characteristics of MN subtypes associated with each antigen.
  • To explore novel proteomic approaches for antigen discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of identified MN antigens.
  • Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics associated with each antigen.
  • Discussion of proteomic techniques used in antigen identification.

Main Results:

  • PLA2R is the major antigen in primary MN.
  • Multiple minor antigens define distinct MN phenotypes.
  • Proteomic studies have identified novel MN-associated antigens.

Conclusions:

  • Antigen identification is crucial for classifying MN subtypes.
  • The traditional distinction between primary and secondary MN may be blurred by antigen-based classification.
  • An antigen-based classification system for MN is encouraged.
Keywords:
antigenautoimmune profilingepitope spreadingmass spectrometrymembranous lupus nephritismembranous nephropathyserologic testing

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