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Evaluation of COVID-19 antibody response with using three different tests
Özgür Appak1, Abdurrahman Gülmez2, Irmak Güzel3
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Iranian Journal of Microbiology
|December 13, 2021
Summary
This study evaluated COVID-19 antibody tests, finding that older age, male gender, and typical chest CT findings correlate with a stronger antibody response. Biochemical markers showed no significant association with antibody or RT-qPCR results.
Area of Science:
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases
- Diagnostic Assay Performance
- COVID-19 Research
Background:
- Evaluating the performance of commercial antibody assays for COVID-19 is crucial for accurate diagnosis and understanding immune response.
- Investigating factors influencing antibody detection, such as patient demographics and clinical findings, enhances diagnostic interpretation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the performance of three distinct commercial antibody assays for detecting COVID-19 antibodies.
- To identify parameters, including chest CT results and biochemical markers, that correlate with the antibody response.
Main Methods:
- Compared three commercial assays (two rapid immunochromatographic, one ELISA IgG) for COVID-19 antibody detection.
- Utilized RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection from nasopharyngeal swabs.
- Retrospectively analyzed correlations between antibody results, RT-qPCR, chest CT findings, and biochemical parameters (CRP, D-dimer, procalcitonin).
Main Results:
- Rapid immunochromatographic tests showed 36.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity versus RT-qPCR; ELISA assay had 43.9% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity.
- Antibody positivity correlated with older age, male gender, and typical chest CT findings (odds ratio 13.62).
- Lower PCR Ct values were associated with increased antibody positivity; no significant link found with CRP, D-dimer, or procalcitonin.
Conclusions:
- Antibody response in COVID-19 patients is associated with male gender, older age, and typical chest CT findings.
- Lower viral load (indicated by lower PCR Ct values) correlates with detectable antibody responses.
- Commercial antibody assay performance varies, necessitating careful interpretation alongside clinical and molecular data.
