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Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature

Carlos David Perez-Malagon1, Raul Barrera-Rodriguez2, Miguel A Lopez-Gonzalez3

  • 1Centro de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, MEX.

Cureus
|December 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Brain tuberculoma, a severe form of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), affects younger adults. Diagnosis uses CT/MRI, with medical treatment for 6-36 months, sometimes requiring surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) affects nearly a quarter of the global population, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) as the causative agent.
  • Brain tuberculoma is a severe extrapulmonary manifestation, particularly affecting individuals under 40.
  • It arises from hematogenous spread of M. tb, often mimicking other intracranial pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of brain tuberculoma.
  • To highlight diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on brain tuberculoma.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging findings (CT and MRI).
  • Summary of current treatment guidelines, including medical and surgical options.

Main Results:

  • Brain tuberculoma presents as a ring-enhancing lesion on CT and MRI.
  • It can manifest with varied clinical courses, from asymptomatic to severe intracranial hypertension.
  • Medical therapy is the mainstay, with durations ranging from 6 to 36 months.

Conclusions:

  • Brain tuberculoma is a significant neurological complication of tuberculosis, especially in endemic areas.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on characteristic imaging findings.
  • Effective management involves prolonged medical treatment, with surgery reserved for specific cases.
Keywords:
brainbrain surgerytreatmenttuberculomatuberculosis

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