Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.7K

Oncolytic Virotherapy: From Bench to Bedside

Ludi Yang1,2, Xiang Gu1,2, Jie Yu1,2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|December 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses offer a promising anticancer strategy by selectively targeting tumor cells. This review explores their mechanisms, applications, and future potential in cancer therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses are viruses that preferentially infect and lyse tumor cells.
  • They represent a developing strategy in cancer treatment.
  • Their efficacy stems from direct tumor cell killing and immune system stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the characteristics and antitumor mechanisms of oncolytic viruses.
  • To discuss their clinical applications and limitations in cancer therapeutics.
  • To explore future prospects and potential combination therapies involving oncolytic viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of oncolytic virus characteristics.
  • Analysis of antitumor mechanisms including direct oncolysis, immune response induction, and gene expression.
  • Evaluation of clinical applications, deficiencies, and solutions.
  • Exploration of future research directions and combination strategies.

Main Results:

  • Oncolytic viruses exhibit direct tumor cell lysis and can stimulate anti-tumor immune responses.
  • They can be engineered to express therapeutic genes, enhancing their efficacy.
  • Clinical applications show promise, particularly in combination with other cancer treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic viruses are versatile and effective agents for cancer therapy.
  • Understanding their mechanisms and limitations is crucial for optimizing their use.
  • Future research should focus on enhancing efficacy and overcoming resistance through combination strategies.
Keywords:
clinical applicationsimmunitymechanismsoncolytic virustumor

More Related Videos

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy08:51

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Published on: April 3, 2018

9.2K
Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses12:08

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: June 25, 2011

12.8K

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
8.1K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
723
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
463
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
554
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
5.1K
Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
26.1K