Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
05:34

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2025

935

Chronic Hematuria Increases Chronic Kidney Injury and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in 5/6 Nephrectomy Rats

Min Xiao1, Ajay K Medipally1, Laura Biederman1,2

  • 1Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Medicine
|December 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Chronic hematuria worsens chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. This study found that hematuria increases kidney damage, oxidative stress, and cell changes linked to fibrosis in a rat model.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA).
  • Hematuria, common in kidney diseases, involves free hemoglobin which can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in IFTA development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chronic hematuria on CKD progression.
  • To assess the effects of induced hematuria on kidney histology and cellular markers in a 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) and were treated with warfarin (to induce hematuria) or vehicle.
  • Prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and hematuria were monitored weekly for 26 weeks.
  • Kidney tissues were analyzed for iron deposition, IFTA, ROS markers (HMOX1, protein carbonyls), EMT markers, and apoptosis (TUNEL assay).

Main Results:

  • Warfarin treatment increased hematuria, serum creatinine, and prothrombin time.
  • Increased iron-positive tubular cells, prominent IFTA, elevated ROS, and enhanced EMT markers were observed in warfarin-treated rats.
  • Apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells was significantly higher in the warfarin group.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic hematuria exacerbates CKD progression in rats.
  • Hematuria contributes to kidney damage through increased iron deposition, ROS generation, EMT, and apoptosis.
  • These findings highlight a significant role for chronic hematuria in driving CKD advancement.

Keywords:
anticoagulationchronic kidney diseaseepithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)hematuriairon

More Related Videos

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat08:50

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

23.8K
Using 2-Photon Microscopy to Quantify the Effects of Chronic Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction on Glomerular Processes11:47

Using 2-Photon Microscopy to Quantify the Effects of Chronic Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction on Glomerular Processes

Published on: March 4, 2022

2.4K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
180
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
134
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
3.7K
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
3.7K
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
80
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
173