Progress of thrombus formation and research on the structure-activity relationship for antithrombotic drugs

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Pharmacology
• Hematology

Background:

• Thrombotic disorders, including stroke and myocardial infarction, pose significant global health risks.
• The prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases linked to thrombus formation is increasing worldwide.
• Rare but severe blood clots have been observed post-COVID vaccine administration, highlighting the need for advanced antithrombotic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the causes and mechanisms of thrombus formation.
• To review emerging compounds with potential antithrombotic activities.
• To identify novel therapeutic candidates for thrombotic disorders, addressing limitations of current treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing antithrombotic drug categories (anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors, fibrinolytics).
• Analysis of recently reported compounds with demonstrated antithrombotic effects.
• Categorization of new compounds based on their specific mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

• Identification of various novel compounds exhibiting antithrombotic properties.
• Evaluation of these compounds against established antithrombotic drugs, noting potential advantages.
• Summary of mechanisms underlying the efficacy of these emerging antithrombotic agents.

Conclusions:

• Emerging compounds show promise in overcoming drawbacks of current antithrombotic therapies, such as bleeding risk and narrow therapeutic windows.
• Further research into these novel molecules could lead to more effective treatments for thrombotic disorders.
• Development of improved bioactive molecules is crucial for managing the growing burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.