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Handgun purchasing characteristics and firearm suicide risk: a nested case-control study.

Julia P Schleimer1,2, Rose M C Kagawa3,4, Hannah S Laqueur3,4

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Older age at first firearm purchase and choosing revolvers are linked to increased firearm suicide risk. These findings highlight key purchasing characteristics associated with suicide, informing prevention efforts.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Suicidology

Background:

  • Firearms are the leading method for suicide, causing about half of all suicide deaths.
  • Understanding firearm purchasing patterns is crucial for suicide prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between firearm purchasing characteristics and firearm suicide.
  • To identify specific handgun purchase details linked to increased suicide risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of legal handgun transactions in California (1996-2015) linked to mortality data.
  • Matched case-control study using incidence density sampling.
  • Conditional logistic regression to analyze purchasing characteristics and suicide risk across different age cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Older age at first handgun purchase was associated with higher firearm suicide risk.
  • Purchasing a revolver, compared to a semi-automatic pistol, increased firearm suicide risk by 1.78 times in the younger cohort.
  • Associations varied between cohorts, indicating potential age or purchasing pattern effects.

Conclusions:

  • Findings contribute to the evidence base on firearm suicide risk factors.
  • Identified purchasing characteristics may inform targeted suicide prevention interventions.
  • Results suggest further research into age-specific purchasing behaviors and their link to suicide.