Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Counting Proteins in Single Cells with Addressable Droplet Microarrays
12:25

Counting Proteins in Single Cells with Addressable Droplet Microarrays

Published on: July 6, 2018

8.7K

p53, p21, and cyclin d1 protein expression patterns in patients with breast cancer

Marwa Mohammed Ali Jassim1, Khetam Habeeb Rasool2, Majid Mohammed Mahmood2

  • 1Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.

Veterinary World
|December 14, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

High expression of cell cycle regulators p21, cyclin D1, and tumor suppressor p53 in breast cancer suggests coordinated mutations contributing to carcinogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in human cancers.
  • p21 is an antiproliferative cell cycle inhibitor, and cyclin D1 regulates cell cycle progression.
  • Disruptions in these proteins are implicated in various cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression of p21, cyclin D1, and p53 in breast cancer tissues.
  • To investigate the correlation between these protein expressions and histopathological changes in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect p53, p21, and cyclin D1 expression.
  • 40 breast tissue samples were analyzed: 30 cancerous and 10 healthy.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher expression of p53 (90%), p21 (93.33%), and cyclin D1 (83.33%) was observed in cancerous tissues compared to normal tissues (p<0.01).
  • p53 was detected in 90% of tumors, p21 in 93.33%, and cyclin D1 in 83.33%.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated p21, cyclin D1, and p53 in malignant breast cells may indicate their altered regulatory roles.
  • These findings suggest that mutations in these proteins, alongside other genetic alterations, could contribute to breast cancer development and progression.
Keywords:
D1 proteinIraqP21P53breast cancer

More Related Videos

Procedure and Key Optimization Strategies for an Automated Capillary Electrophoretic-based Immunoassay Method09:32

Procedure and Key Optimization Strategies for an Automated Capillary Electrophoretic-based Immunoassay Method

Published on: September 10, 2017

11.1K
Comparison of Three Different Methods for Determining Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines12:35

Comparison of Three Different Methods for Determining Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: September 3, 2016

19.7K

Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.7K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
36.5K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
5.0K
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
5.8K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.6K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.5K