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Changes in lung function determined longitudinally compared with decline assessed cross-sectionally. The Cracow

W Jedrychowski, M Krzyzanowski, M Wysocki

    European Journal of Epidemiology
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Lung function (FEV1) declines faster in men than women, with smokers experiencing accelerated decline. Cross-sectional estimates showed inconsistencies with longitudinal data, especially in predicting lung function changes across age groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonology
    • Epidemiology
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Chronic nonspecific chest diseases impact lung function over time.
    • Understanding lung function decline is crucial for public health and clinical management.
    • Previous studies have utilized both longitudinal and cross-sectional data to assess lung function changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare longitudinal annual changes in lung function (FEV1) with cross-sectional estimates.
    • To investigate the influence of sex and smoking on the rate of FEV1 decline.
    • To analyze the consistency of FEV1 decline predictions across different age groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Epidemiological follow-up of Cracow inhabitants.
    • Analysis of longitudinal annual changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).

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  • Comparison with cross-sectional estimates from surveys conducted 13 years apart.

    • Main Results:

    • The annual rate of FEV1 decline was significantly faster in men than in women.
    • Male smokers exhibited a 30% greater FEV1 decline rate compared to non-smokers; female smokers showed a 9% faster decline.
    • Cross-sectional estimates showed inconsistencies with longitudinal data, and predictions of annual decline varied significantly across age groups due to a curvilinear decline pattern.
    • Lung function appeared more homogeneous in the elderly, with a slowed acceleration of decline rates, potentially influenced by selection bias.

    Conclusions:

    • Sex and smoking status are significant factors influencing the rate of lung function decline.
    • Cross-sectional data may not accurately reflect longitudinal lung function changes, particularly across diverse age groups.
    • The aging process may involve a natural slowing of lung function decline, but selection bias could affect these observations in older populations.