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Abnormal liver enzymes: A review for clinicians
M Ammar Kalas1, Luis Chavez1, Monica Leon2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79905, United States.
World Journal of Hepatology
|December 14, 2021
Summary
Liver biochemical tests, including aminotransferases, are common. Accurate interpretation of hepatocellular or cholestatic patterns aids diagnosis and patient management, potentially preventing cirrhosis.
Area of Science:
- Clinical biochemistry
- Hepatology
- Internal medicine
Background:
- Liver biochemical tests are frequently ordered in clinical practice.
- Automated testing has increased the frequency of these tests.
- Abnormal results require careful interpretation for patient benefit.
Purpose of the Study:
- To categorize abnormal liver biochemical tests.
- To outline common causes of hepatocellular and cholestatic patterns.
- To emphasize the importance of accurate interpretation for patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Classification of aminotransferase elevation patterns (hepatocellular vs. cholestatic).
- Sub-classification based on magnitude of elevation (mild, moderate, severe).
- Listing of potential etiologies for each pattern.
Main Results:
- Liver test abnormalities can be categorized into hepatocellular or cholestatic patterns.
- These patterns are further sub-classified by the degree of aminotransferase elevation.
- Numerous conditions can cause hepatocellular or cholestatic patterns.
Conclusions:
- Accurate interpretation of liver biochemical tests is crucial.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment can improve disease natural history.
- Effective management may reduce the risk of progressing to liver cirrhosis.
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