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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

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Longitudinal systolic dysfunction in hypertensive cardiomyopathy with normal ejection fraction

José Luis Salas-Pacheco1, Oscar Lomelí-Sánchez2, Oscar Baltazar-González3

  • 1Cardiology Department, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Ferrocarril avenue, Alameda, Aguascalientes, México.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|December 14, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Increased left ventricular wall thickness in hypertensive patients is linked to impaired longitudinal systolic function. This dysfunction is detectable even with subtle structural changes, highlighting the importance of monitoring ventricular hypertrophy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • The transition from left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy to heart failure involves complex subcellular events.
  • The precise point at which structural abnormalities induce myocardial dysfunction remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between LV wall thickness and longitudinal systolic dysfunction.
  • To identify echocardiographic markers for early detection of systolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving clinical assessment and transthoracic echocardiography.
  • Recruited 226 hypertensive patients and 101 healthy individuals.
  • Analyzed left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and mitral annulus plane systolic excursion (MAPSE).

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive patients with LV hypertrophy showed reduced GLS and MAPSE compared to healthy individuals.
  • LV septum thickness ≥13 mm was associated with decreased GLS, and ≥14 mm with decreased MAPSE.
  • LV septum thickness was the sole variable linked to longitudinal systolic dysfunction (OR=1.1, P=0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Progressive LV wall thickening correlates with longitudinal systolic dysfunction.
  • Moderate to severe ventricular hypertrophy (septum ≥13 mm) indicates longitudinal systolic dysfunction.
  • Left ventricle ejection fraction is insensitive for detecting early longitudinal myocardial dysfunction in hypertension.
Abstract

Keywords:
heart failurehypertensionleft ventricular dysfunctionleft ventricular hypertrophy

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