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Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
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Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF).

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The Mars Sample Return mission will characterize returned Martian samples through three sequential phases: Pre-Basic Characterization, Basic Characterization, and Preliminary Examination. This phased approach, utilizing specific instrumentation, will create a comprehensive sample catalog for scientific allocation.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrobiology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • The Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission aims to bring Martian samples to Earth for detailed analysis.
  • Establishing a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) is crucial for handling, curating, and analyzing these extraterrestrial materials.
  • A systematic approach to sample characterization is needed to maximize scientific return and inform sample allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the curation activities and instrumentation requirements for the MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF).
  • To establish a phased approach for initial sample characterization to create a comprehensive sample catalog.
  • To ensure the safe and effective handling, analysis, and distribution of Martian samples.

Main Methods:

  • The Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) identified necessary curation steps and analytical instrumentation.
  • Samples will undergo three sequential characterization phases: Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE).
  • Specific instruments were identified for each phase, including X-ray Computed Tomography, magnetometers, microscopes, and spectrometers.

Main Results:

  • Initial sample characterization is structured into Pre-BC, BC, and PE phases, with subsets of samples used in PE.
  • Essential instrumentation includes magnetometers and XCT scanners for Pre-BC; balances, microscopes, and imaging systems for BC; and advanced spectroscopy and microscopy for PE.
  • The process emphasizes careful handling of dust and headspace gas, and the creation of a detailed sample catalog.

Conclusions:

  • A three-phase characterization strategy (Pre-BC, BC, PE) is recommended for MSR samples.
  • Specific instrumentation is required for each phase to generate data for a comprehensive sample catalog.
  • Future work should focus on isolation chamber design and sample tube opening procedures to ensure sample integrity and safety.