Scientific Value of Including an Atmospheric Sample as Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Area of Science:

• Planetary Science
• Astrobiology
• Geochemistry

Background:

• The Perseverance rover collects Martian surface samples for Earth return.
• Headspace gas in sample tubes offers insights into Martian atmosphere-sample interactions.
• Current methods for analyzing Martian atmosphere are insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the limitations of using headspace gas in Perseverance sample tubes for Martian atmospheric analysis.
• To propose improved strategies for collecting and analyzing Martian atmospheric samples.
• To enhance the scientific return of Mars sample return missions.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of limitations of current sample tube design for gas collection.
• Review of potential contamination and leakage risks during sample transit.
• Proposal of several enhanced gas sampling strategies.

Main Results:

• Headspace gas analysis alone is problematic due to insufficient volume and potential contamination.
• Sample tubes were not optimized for atmospheric gas collection or storage.
• Seal leakage poses a significant risk to sample integrity.

Conclusions:

• Dedicated Martian atmospheric gas sampling is crucial for accurate analysis.
• Several strategies, from simple modifications to new hardware, can significantly improve gas sample quality.
• Implementing improved sampling methods will enhance the scientific value of Mars missions.