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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Overview
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Does Gene Editing in the Wild Require Broad Public Deliberation?

Gregory E Kaebnick

    The Hastings Center Report
    |December 14, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Public deliberation on gene editing in wild populations is desirable but not always required for local applications. Broad public input is most valuable for general guidance, not specific cases.

    Keywords:
    bioethicsde-extinctiondemocratic deliberationgene drivesgene editingpublic deliberation

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Genetics
    • Bioethics

    Background:

    • Gene editing technologies offer potential for managing wild plant and animal populations.
    • The ethical implications and public perception of altering wild ecosystems require careful consideration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the necessity and optimal framing of public deliberation for gene editing in wild populations.
    • To determine the appropriate scale and scope of public engagement for such interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of existing ethical frameworks and public engagement models.
    • Case study review of potential gene editing applications in wildlife.

    Main Results:

    • Broad public deliberation is highly desirable but not strictly necessary for all local gene editing applications in the wild.
    • General guidance generation is the most effective role for large-scale public deliberation.
    • Specific case-by-case deliberation is less appropriate for broad public input.

    Conclusions:

    • While broad public deliberation is valuable for setting general ethical guidelines, it is not a prerequisite for every gene editing initiative in wild populations.
    • Future efforts should focus on defining the scope and context for public engagement, particularly for cases with high uncertainty and moral ambiguity.