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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Rectangular Cylinders Formed by Compositionally Bidisperse ABC Triblock Terpolymer Blends: A Self-Consistent Field

Jie Cui1, Entian Liu1, Tongjing Song1

  • 1School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China.

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|December 14, 2021
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Researchers simulated the self-assembly of rectangular cylinders using bidisperse ABC triblock terpolymers. Short side blocks selectively aggregate at corners, forming novel structures with potential for advanced nanomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional cylindrical nanomaterials have circular cross-sections.
  • Rectangular cross-sections offer novel optical properties and functions for nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the formation of rectangular cylinders self-assembled from bidisperse ABC triblock terpolymer blends.
  • Understand the self-assembly mechanism and identify parameters influencing the formation of these structures.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations based on self-consistent field theory.
  • Utilized specially designed blending systems of ABC triblock terpolymers with varying side block lengths.
  • Tuned chain length fractions and inter-block interaction parameters.

Main Results:

  • Successfully obtained rectangular cylinders with a fourfold symmetry pattern.
  • Identified that short side blocks selectively aggregate at the corners of the rectangular domains, dictating phase formation.
  • Discovered a formation mechanism distinct from previously reported experimental findings.
  • Constructed phase diagrams showing expanded parameter windows for rectangular cylinders with increased middle B block fractions.

Conclusions:

  • The selective aggregation of short side blocks is crucial for forming rectangular cylindrical phases.
  • Increasing the middle B block chain length fraction expands the parameter space for rectangular cylinder formation.
  • Simulation results provide a theoretical foundation for designing and fabricating nanomaterials with non-traditional phase domains.