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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
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Digoxigenin.

Michael R Green, Joseph Sambrook

    Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
    |December 15, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Digoxigenin labeling allows for the detection of nucleic acid probes in molecular cloning. This method utilizes an anti-digoxigenin-antibody enzyme conjugate for sensitive detection after hybridization.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Digoxigenin is a widely used ligand in molecular biology.
    • It is incorporated into nucleic acid probes for detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce methods for labeling nucleic acids with digoxigenin.
    • To describe the detection of digoxigenin-labeled probes.

    Main Methods:

    • Nucleic acid labeling with digoxigenin.
    • Hybridization of digoxigenin-labeled probes.
    • Detection using an anti-digoxigenin-antibody enzyme conjugate.

    Main Results:

    • Successful incorporation of digoxigenin into DNA and RNA probes.
    • Effective detection of digoxigenin-labeled probes via antibody-enzyme conjugate.

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    Conclusions:

    • Digoxigenin-based labeling provides a reliable method for nucleic acid detection.
    • These methods are valuable tools in molecular cloning and related applications.