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Research progress on the tsRNA classification, function, and application in gynecological malignant tumors
Jing-Tao Wen1, Zheng-Hao Huang1, Qian-Hui Li1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
Cell Death Discovery
|December 15, 2021
Summary
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with diverse functions, including cancer development. Research is ongoing to understand their biogenesis and roles in gynecological malignancies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are emerging as key regulators.
- Their biogenesis involves specific nucleases, not random degradation.
- tsRNAs exhibit diverse biological functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the classification and biological functions of tsRNAs.
- To introduce research progress on tsRNAs in gynecological malignancies.
Main Methods:
- High-throughput RNA sequencing identified tsRNAs.
- Nuclease cleavage mechanisms (ELAC2, RNase L, Dicer, ANG) were investigated.
- Classification based on parental tRNA origin (tRF-1s, tRF-3s, tRF-5s, tiRNA, tRF-2s/i-tRFs).
Main Results:
- tsRNAs are involved in gene expression, apoptosis, translation, epigenetics, and viral processes.
- Aberrant tsRNA expression is linked to cancer tissues.
- Specific tsRNAs are overexpressed in cancer but underexpressed in normal tissues.
Conclusions:
- tsRNAs play significant roles in the occurrence and development of cancer.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate tsRNA biogenesis and functions.
- This review highlights tsRNA research in gynecological malignancies.
