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Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique

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Transcriptomic adaptation during skeletal muscle habituation to eccentric or concentric exercise training.

Craig R G Willis^1,2,3, Colleen S Deane^1,4, Ryan M Ames⁵

¹Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.

Scientific Reports

|December 15, 2021

Summary

Eccentric and concentric muscle contractions cause different early training adaptations. Exercise habituation dampens these responses but doesn't shift the underlying molecular profiles, revealing new insights into muscle regulation.

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Area of Science:

Muscle physiology
Molecular biology
Exercise science

Background:

Eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) muscle contractions induce distinct muscle remodeling patterns.
The molecular mechanisms driving these early, contraction-specific adaptations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular signatures of early muscle adaptation to ECC versus CON contractions.
To analyze transcriptome-wide networks and secretomes during 2 weeks of exercise habituation to specific contraction types.

Main Methods:

Transcriptome-wide network analysis
Secretome analysis
Analysis of gene expression changes during downhill (ECC) and uphill (CON) running exercise.
Identification of hub genes and transcription factors.

Main Results:

Exercise habituation attenuated the number of exercise-induced genes but largely preserved functional gene profiles.
Network analysis identified ECC-specific modules (extracellular matrix, immune, mitochondrial pathways) and CON-specific modules (ribosome-related).
Specific hub genes (e.g., THBS4) and transcription factors (SP1, KLF4) were identified as key regulators.

Conclusions:

Distinct molecular responses to untrained ECC and CON contractions are dampened by habituation.
The functional molecular profiles of muscle adaptation remain largely consistent despite habituation.
This study provides novel mechanistic candidates for contraction-mode specific muscle regulation.