Finite element analysis of the tibial component alignment in a transverse plane in total knee arthroplasty

The research aims to analyze the tibial component rotation using the finite element method by resecting the tibia in a transverse plane at an angle between 1.5° (external rotation) and -1.5° (internal rotation). We used a three-dimensional scanner to obtain the tibia's geometrical model of a cadaveric specimen. We then exported the surfaces of the tibial geometrical model through the Computer-Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA), which is a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) program. The CAD program three-dimensionally shaped the tibial component, polyethylene, and cement. Our analysis determined that the maximum equivalent stress is obtained in the case of proximal tibial resection at -1.5° angle in a transverse plane (internal rotation) with a value of 12.75 MPa, which is also obtained for the polyethylene (7.693 MPa) and cement (6.6 MPa). The results have shown that detrimental effects begin to occur at -1.5°. We propose the use of this finite element method to simulate the positioning of the tibial component at different tibial resection angles to appreciate the optimal rotation.