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Medical problems of space flight.

M Tavassoli

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Astronauts face health issues in space, primarily due to lack of gravity. Relentless bone loss, a serious concern, may limit future space missions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Space medicine
    • Human physiology in microgravity
    • Gravitational biology

    Background:

    • Astronauts experience various medical problems during spaceflight.
    • These physiological alterations are mainly caused by the absence of gravitational force.
    • While many changes are adaptive and reversible, readaptation to Earth's gravity can pose challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the medical problems encountered by astronauts during space flights.
    • To highlight the significant issue of bone loss and its potential to limit long-duration space missions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing medical literature and astronaut health data.
    • Analysis of physiological changes observed during and after space missions.
    • Identification of common and persistent health concerns.

    Main Results:

    • Key issues include vestibular dysfunction, weight loss, fluid shifts, anemia, cardiovascular deconditioning, muscle atrophy, and bone loss.
    • Bone loss, associated with negative calcium balance, is identified as a particularly persistent and potentially irreversible problem.
    • Critical demineralization can occur after prolonged exposure to weightlessness.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone loss is a critical medical concern for astronauts, potentially limiting the duration of space flights.
    • Further research into the mechanisms of bone loss and the development of preventive measures are essential.
    • Understanding and mitigating these physiological effects are crucial for the future of human space exploration.

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