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The Encapsulation of Cell-free Transcription and Translation Machinery in Vesicles for the Construction of Cellular Mimics

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Vesicle-based artificial cells: materials, construction methods and applications.

Yao Lu¹, Giulia Allegri¹, Jurriaan Huskens¹

¹Molecular NanoFabrication Group, Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands. y.lu-1@utwente.nl.

Materials Horizons

|December 15, 2021

Summary

Researchers review the creation of artificial cells using biomimetic materials and advanced construction techniques. This exploration aids in understanding biological processes and the origins of life.

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Area of Science:

Biomimetic Engineering
Synthetic Biology
Origin of Life Studies

Background:

Artificial cells offer a platform to study complex biological processes and cell functions.
Bottom-up approaches, utilizing biomimetic materials and vesicle assembly, are key to engineering these synthetic systems.
Understanding artificial cell construction provides insights into the origins of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the design principles for functional artificial cells.
To discuss the selection of biomimetic materials and construction technologies.
To explore current challenges and future trends in artificial cell development.

Main Methods:

Review of biomimetic materials including lipid, polymeric, and hybrid lipid/copolymer systems.
Analysis of vesicle formation technologies: gentle hydration, electro-formation, phase transfer, and microfluidics.
Examination of artificial cell applications in mimicking cellular behaviors and signaling.

Main Results:

Diverse biomimetic materials and advanced fabrication techniques enable the creation of functional artificial cells.
Artificial cells can mimic complex cellular functions, including microreactors for synthetic biology and cell-cell communication.
Significant progress has been made in vesicle formation and application.

Conclusions:

Artificial cells are powerful tools for fundamental biological research and synthetic biology applications.
Continued advancements in materials and construction technologies will drive innovation in artificial cell design.
Future research directions include addressing current challenges and expanding the functional capabilities of artificial cells.