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Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Published on: August 26, 2025
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Helwa Taweel1, Ihab Haddadin, Gustavo Heresi
1At the Cleveland (Ohio) Clinic, Helwa Taweel practices in Interventional radiology, Ihab Haddadin is an interventional radiologist, and Gustavo Heresi is director of the pulmonary vascular and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension program. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Abstract:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) remains significantly underdiagnosed in patients with a history of pulmonary embolism. These patients complain of persistent shortness of breath and present with hypoxemia despite proper anticoagulation. Further investigation reveals evidence of right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram, which progresses to right heart failure. CTEPH is associated with a significant increase in patient morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This article offers an approach for the timely recognition of this condition, in addition to suggesting a management protocol with an emphasis on the role of interventional radiology and balloon pulmonary angioplasty.
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