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Collective pattern formations of animals in active matter physics.

Takuma Sugi1, Hiroshi Ito2, Ken H Nagai3

  • 1Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

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Active matter physics explores self-propelled systems, like animal groups. This review examines collective animal behaviors and pattern formation through an active matter lens, integrating biology and physics.

Keywords:
C. elegansself-propelled particles

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biology
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Active matter comprises self-propelled elements, leading to emergent collective behaviors.
  • Examples include flocks of birds and schools of fish, studied by physicists and biologists.
  • Recent interdisciplinary efforts bridge theory and experiment in active matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review collective pattern formation and behaviors in animals.
  • To analyze these phenomena from the perspective of active matter physics.
  • To highlight interdisciplinary approaches integrating biology and physics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on active matter and animal collective behaviors.
  • Analysis of experimental studies verifying mathematical models.
  • Interdisciplinary synthesis of biological observations and physical principles.

Main Results:

  • Emergent dynamical patterns are characteristic of active matter systems.
  • Animal collective behaviors, such as flocking and schooling, can be described using active matter principles.
  • Experimental data increasingly supports theoretical models in active matter physics.

Conclusions:

  • Active matter physics provides a unifying framework for understanding collective animal behaviors.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for advancing the study of active matter.
  • Further research can refine models and deepen our understanding of emergent phenomena in nature.