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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 10, 2025

Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

Published on: July 30, 2007

Adhesive systems applied to dentin substrate under electric current: systematic review.

Carolina Menezes Maciel^1,2, Tatiane Cristina Vieira Souto², Bárbara de Almeida Pinto²

¹Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Taubate, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.

Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

|December 15, 2021

Summary

Applying electric current during dental adhesive system application enhances resin infiltration and bond strength to dentin. However, a standardized protocol for this electrobond technique is still lacking.

Keywords:

Bond strength Dentin adhesives Dentin substrate Electric current

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Restorative Dentistry

Background:

Adhesive systems are crucial for dental restorations.
Optimizing dentin bonding is essential for restoration longevity.
Novel application techniques are continuously explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and discuss the application of adhesive systems on dentin under electric current.
To evaluate the impact of electric current on adhesive procedures.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, etc.).
Inclusion of studies published between 2006 and 2020.
Analysis of articles focusing on adhesive systems and electric current (electrobond).

Main Results:

Twelve studies indicated that electric current increases resin monomer infiltration into dentin.
This enhanced infiltration improves hybridization and bond strength.
Both conventional and self-etching adhesive systems showed benefits.

Conclusions:

Electric current application shows promising results for improving dentin adhesion.
Further research is needed to establish a specific protocol for this technique.