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Portal system thrombosis in an HIV-infected child

Pawan Daga1, Ira Shah2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, B J Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|December 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause venous thrombosis. This case highlights a rare presentation of extensive abdominal vein thrombosis in a pediatric patient with HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
  • Known mechanisms include protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, and antiphospholipid syndrome.
  • Typical presentations involve deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old girl with HIV presented with severe hematemesis.
  • Imaging revealed extensive thrombosis of the portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, and splenic vein.
  • This represents an unusual manifestation of HIV-associated coagulopathy.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited a rare and severe form of abdominal venous thrombosis.
  • This case underscores the diverse thrombotic complications possible in pediatric HIV.
  • The underlying prothrombotic mechanisms in this specific case were not fully elucidated due to early discharge.

Implications:

  • Highlights the need for heightened awareness of thrombotic events in pediatric HIV patients, even with atypical presentations.
  • Suggests that comprehensive prothrombotic workups are crucial in HIV-infected children presenting with thrombosis.
  • Emphasizes the importance of patient adherence to treatment for managing HIV and its complications.

Keywords:
HIVportal veinthrombosisvenous thrombosis

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