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Crosstalk between anticancer drugs and mitochondrial functions.

Kuleshwar Sahu1, Urvashi Langeh1, Charan Singh2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.

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Chemotherapy can cause cognitive impairment, known as chemobrain. This review explores how chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to these cognitive deficits.

Keywords:
ChemobrainChemotherapyCognitive impairmentMitochondrial dysfunctionOxidative stressReactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chemotherapy is crucial for cancer treatment but causes significant side effects.
  • Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), or chemobrain, affects memory, concentration, and processing speed.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key mechanisms underlying CICI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to cognitive impairment.
  • To focus on specific chemotherapy agents and their impact on the nervous system.
  • To highlight behavioral and functional brain changes associated with CICI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Examination of specific chemotherapy agents: Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, Methotrexate, and Carmustine.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy agents increase oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
  • Mitochondria play a critical role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to oxidative stress.
  • Imbalance in ROS homeostasis, despite antioxidant mechanisms, exacerbates neuronal damage.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are significant contributors to cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to mitigate chemobrain.
  • Further research is needed to address the neurotoxic effects of various chemotherapeutic agents.