Spatiotemporal Measurement of Arterial Pulse Waves Enabled by Wearable Active-Matrix Pressure Sensor Arrays

Wearable pressure sensors have demonstrated great potential in detecting pulse pressure waves on the skin for the noninvasive and continuous diagnosis of cardiac conditions. However, difficulties lie in positioning conventional single-point sensors on an invisible arterial line, thereby preventing the detection of adequate signal amplitude for accurate pulse wave analysis. Herein, we introduce the spatiotemporal measurements of arterial pulse waves using wearable active-matrix pressure sensors to obtain optimal pulse waveforms. We fabricate thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays with high yield and uniformity using inkjet printing where array sizes can be customizable and integrate them with highly sensitive piezoresistive sheets. We maximize the pressure sensitivity (16.8 kPa^-1) and achieve low power consumption (10¹ nW) simultaneously by strategically modulating the TFT operation voltage. The sensor array creates a spatiotemporal pulse wave map on the wrist. The map presents the positional dependence of pulse amplitudes, which allows the positioning of the arterial line to accurately extract the augmentation index, a parameter for assessing arterial stiffness. The device overcomes the positional inaccuracy of conventional single-point sensors, and therefore, it can be used for medical applications such as arterial catheter injection or the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in daily life.