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Clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Delta variant infection

Jun-Feng Sheng1, Lan Shao1, Yu-Lin Wang1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|December 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The Delta variant of COVID-19 is more infectious in children than the original strain. Delta variant infections may lead to more severe heart damage, with similar antibody responses observed.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant presented new challenges in understanding its impact on pediatric populations.
  • Previous studies have focused on adult populations, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding the specific clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 in children infected with the Delta variant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children caused by the Delta variant.
  • To compare these features with those of children infected with non-Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving two groups of children under 14 years old.
  • The variant group (n=11) was diagnosed with Delta variant COVID-19 (August-September 2021).
  • The control group (n=5) was diagnosed with ordinary COVID-19 (February-March 2020).
  • Epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results were analyzed and compared.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in the proportion of children with clinical symptoms between the Delta variant and control groups.
  • The Delta variant group showed a lower neutrophil count but no significant differences in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, or platelet count compared to the control group.
  • A higher proportion of children in the Delta variant group exhibited elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme, suggesting potential myocardial damage, while other inflammatory markers showed no significant differences.
  • Antibody response: IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in children with Delta variant infection, with IgG appearing concurrently with IgM.

Conclusions:

  • The Delta variant demonstrates increased infectiousness in pediatric populations.
  • COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant may be associated with more severe myocardial damage in children compared to non-Delta variants.
  • In children infected with the Delta variant, IgG antibody development occurs around the same time as IgM antibody development.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildClinical featureDelta variant

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