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Highly Sensitive and Quantitative Detection of Proteins and Their Isoforms by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Method

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Protein pI and Intracellular Localization.

Alexander A Tokmakov¹, Atsushi Kurotani², Ken-Ichi Sato³

¹Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

|December 16, 2021

Summary

Protein isoelectric point (pI) computational analysis reveals multimodal distributions across species proteomes. This multimodality is linked to subcellular localization, offering insights into protein function and cellular organization.

Keywords:

local environment multimodality protein pI proteome-wide analysis subcellular localization

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Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Proteomics
Computational Biology

Background:

The protein isoelectric point (pI) is a fundamental property calculable from amino acid sequences.
Computational pI predictions show good agreement with experimental data.
Whole-genome data enables large-scale proteome-wide pI distribution analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

To overview the multimodality of proteome-wide protein isoelectric point (pI) distributions across diverse organisms.
To investigate the relationship between protein pI and subcellular localization.
To discuss factors influencing intracellular localization-specific pI profiles.

Main Methods:

Computational analysis of amino acid sequences to determine protein isoelectric points (pI).
Comparative analysis of proteome-wide pI distributions from whole-genome sequences.
Statistical examination of pI distributions in relation to subcellular localization data.

Main Results:

Whole-proteome distributions of protein pI values exhibit multimodality in various species.
Subcellular localization-specific pI distributions contribute to the observed overall multimodality.
Distinct pI profiles are associated with different intracellular compartments.

Conclusions:

The multimodality of proteome-wide pI distributions is a conserved feature across species.
Subcellular localization is a key determinant of local pI profiles within the cell.
Understanding these relationships provides insights into protein function and cellular compartmentalization.