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Association Between Serum Calcium and the Prevalence of Hypertension Among US Adults

Yang Hua1, Heng-Li Liu2, Jin-Yu Sun1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Higher serum calcium levels are linked to an increased prevalence of hypertension. This study highlights the importance of monitoring calcium in individuals with high blood pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major global health risk, strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases.
  • Calcium is crucial for maintaining bodily homeostasis, but its role in hypertension is not fully understood.
  • Existing research on the calcium-hypertension link in the general population requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum calcium levels and hypertension prevalence.
  • To analyze the relationship using a large, nationally representative dataset.
  • To explore potential variations in this association across different demographic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007-2018.
  • Employed adjusted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses.
  • Included a substantial sample size of 26,778 participants for robust statistical power.

Main Results:

  • A positive association was observed between elevated serum calcium levels and the prevalence of hypertension across all models (ORs ranging from 1.347 to 1.522).
  • Subgroup analyses confirmed a consistent trend across diverse demographics including sex, age, race, BMI, and eGFR.
  • Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an S-curve relationship between serum calcium and hypertension prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • This cross-sectional study demonstrates a significant positive association between higher serum calcium levels and the prevalence of hypertension.
  • Findings underscore the clinical relevance of serum calcium levels in the management and understanding of hypertension.
  • Further research may elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying this observed association.

Keywords:
S-curveassociationhypertensionmultivariable logistic regressionserum calcium

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