Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

23.8K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
23.8K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.1K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.1K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

252
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
252
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

15.6K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
15.6K
Translation01:31

Translation

16.2K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
16.2K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

12.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
12.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of RNA modifications in cancer translational control.

RNA biology·2026
Same author

Translon: a single term for translated regions.

Nature methods·2025
Same author

Substrate diversity of NSUN enzymes and links of 5-methylcytosine to mRNA translation and turnover.

Life science alliance·2024
Same author

Biochemical-free enrichment or depletion of RNA classes in real-time during direct RNA sequencing with RISER.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Comprehensive translational profiling and STE AI uncover rapid control of protein biosynthesis during cell stress.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same author

Prediction of m6A and m5C at single-molecule resolution reveals a transcriptome-wide co-occurrence of RNA modifications.

Nature communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
08:52

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.7K

Translational control in cell ageing: an update.

Katrina Woodward1, Nikolay E Shirokikh1

  • 1Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|December 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular ageing, driven by DNA and epigenetic changes, impacts organismal longevity. This study reviews how altered protein translation mechanisms contribute to cellular ageing and identifies key pathways for future research.

Keywords:
RNAageingprotein biosynthesisribosometranslationtranslational control

More Related Videos

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

6.4K
Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans
06:27

Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 12, 2020

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
08:52

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.7K
A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

6.4K
Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans
06:27

Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 12, 2020

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cellular ageing is a primary driver of organismal ageing, influencing healthspan and lifespan.
  • While DNA alterations and epigenetic modifications are known contributors, the role of protein translation in aged cells is under active investigation.
  • Understanding aged cell responses is crucial for deciphering species-specific longevity strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on translational mechanisms altered in aged cells.
  • To highlight recent profiling studies investigating age-related translational pathways.
  • To identify future research directions in ageing and translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular ageing and translational control.
  • Analysis of studies employing broad profiling approaches to investigate age-related translational pathways.
  • Discussion of integrated stress response-, mTOR-, and eEF2K-mediated pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified key translational pathways commonly altered in aged cells, including integrated stress response, mTOR, and eEF2K signaling.
  • Summarized findings from recent profiling studies on age-related translational mechanisms.
  • Outlined current limitations and knowledge gaps in the field.

Conclusions:

  • Altered protein translation is a critical, yet under-investigated, aspect of cellular ageing.
  • Further research into specific translational mechanisms holds promise for understanding and potentially intervening in the ageing process.
  • Profiling studies are valuable tools for uncovering novel age-related translational pathways.