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The association between obstructive sleep apnea risk and cognitive disorders: a population-based study
Monica M Shieu1, Galit Levi Dunietz1, Henry L Paulson2
1Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk is linked to higher rates of cognitive impairment and dementia in US adults. Addressing OSA risk is crucial for understanding and potentially mitigating cognitive decline.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting millions.
- Cognitive disorders, including dementia, pose a significant public health challenge.
- The relationship between OSA risk and cognitive impairment requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk and cognitive disorders in a US adult population.
- To determine if OSA risk is linked to cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) and dementia.
- To explore potential effect modification by race and ethnicity.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with 20,910 participants.
- Identified probable OSA using a validated screening questionnaire (STOP-Bang).
- Assessed cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) and dementia, performing cross-sectional analyses with imputed data.
Main Results:
- 60% of participants had probable OSA.
- Cognitive impairment and dementia were more prevalent in individuals with probable OSA.
- Probable OSA was significantly associated with both CIND (OR=1.22) and dementia (OR=1.27).
Conclusions:
- Older adults at high risk for OSA exhibit higher rates of CIND and dementia.
- These findings underscore the importance of considering OSA risk in studies of cognitive disorders.
- Further research into the OSA-cognitive disorder link is warranted.
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