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Recent Advances in Delivery Systems for Genetic and Other Novel Vaccines
Shiqi Huang1, Yining Zhu1, Ling Zhang1
1Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective prophylactic measures against diseases, especially infectious diseases including smallpox and polio. However, the development of effective prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines for other diseases such as cancer remains challenging. This is often due to the imprecise control of vaccine activity in vivo which leads to insufficient/inappropriate immune responses or short immune memory. The development of new vaccine types in recent decades has created the potential for improving the protective potency against these diseases. Genetic and subunit vaccines are two major categories of these emerging vaccines. Owing to their nature, they rely heavily on delivery systems with various functions, such as effective cargo protection, immunogenicity enhancement, targeted delivery, sustained release of antigens, selective activation of humoral and/or cellular immune responses against specific antigens, and reduced adverse effects. Therefore, vaccine delivery systems may significantly affect the final outcome of genetic and other novel vaccines and are vital for their development. This review introduces these studies based on their research emphasis on functional design or administration route optimization, presents recent progress, and discusses features of new vaccine delivery systems, providing an overview of this field.
Insights
Novel vaccine delivery systems are crucial for enhancing immune responses and memory against challenging diseases like cancer. This review explores recent advancements in functional design and administration routes for these next-generation vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Immunology
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background:
- Vaccination is a highly effective prophylactic measure against infectious diseases.
- Developing vaccines for complex diseases like cancer remains challenging due to inadequate immune responses and memory.
- Emerging vaccine types, including genetic and subunit vaccines, offer new therapeutic potentials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent progress in novel vaccine delivery systems.
- To discuss the functional design and administration route optimization of these systems.
- To highlight the vital role of delivery systems in the development of advanced vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on functional design and administration route optimization of vaccine delivery systems.
- Analysis of recent advancements in genetic and subunit vaccine delivery.
- Discussion of key features and functionalities of novel vaccine delivery platforms.
Main Results:
- Vaccine delivery systems are essential for protecting cargo, enhancing immunogenicity, and enabling targeted delivery.
- These systems facilitate sustained antigen release and selective immune response activation (humoral and/or cellular).
- Optimized delivery systems can reduce adverse effects and improve vaccine efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Novel vaccine delivery systems are critical for overcoming challenges in developing vaccines against diseases like cancer.
- Functional design and administration route optimization are key areas of research for improving vaccine potency.
- Continued development of advanced delivery systems is vital for the future of vaccination.
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