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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Quantitation of Intra-peritoneal Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
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Primary and metastatic peritoneal surface malignancies.

Delia Cortés-Guiral1, Martin Hübner2, Mohammad Alyami3

  • 1Surgical Oncology and General Surgery Department, King Khaled Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia. delia.cortes.guiral@gmail.com.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|December 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peritoneal malignancies, including mesothelioma and metastases, are complex but treatable. Advanced multimodal strategies, including surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, are improving survival and quality of life for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Peritoneal surface malignancies encompass primary tumors like mesothelioma and metastases from ovarian, gastric, colorectal, appendicular, and pancreatic cancers.
  • Pathophysiology involves mesothelial cell transformation or tumor cell shedding and implantation.
  • Diagnosis is challenging, often necessitating advanced imaging and surgical exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management of peritoneal surface malignancies.
  • To highlight advancements in treatment strategies and their impact on patient outcomes.
  • To identify ongoing challenges and future directions in peritoneal malignancy therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on peritoneal surface malignancies.
  • Analysis of multimodal treatment strategies, including cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Multimodal strategies, including cytoreductive surgery and perioperative chemotherapy, have improved survival and quality of life.
  • Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a key component of combination treatments.
  • Selected patients can achieve cure with current management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Peritoneal malignancies are not uniformly fatal, with significant improvements in outcomes.
  • Optimizing locoregional treatment delivery and defining treatment sequences are critical.
  • New imaging, less invasive surgery, nanomedicines, and targeted therapies herald a new era in intraperitoneal therapy.