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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
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Smoking cessation reduces systemic inflammation and circulating endothelin-1.
Cassandra C Derella1,2, Martha S Tingen3,4, Anson Blanks2
1Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Scientific Reports
|December 17, 2021
Summary
A 12-week smoking cessation program significantly reduced endothelin-1 (ET-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels for at least one year. These reductions in inflammation markers are linked to decreased cardiovascular disease risk in former smokers.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Disease Research
- Inflammation and Immunology
- Smoking Cessation Science
Background:
- Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), driven by increased systemic inflammation and endothelin-1 (ET-1).
- Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with smoking-related CVD risk.
- Understanding the long-term impact of smoking cessation on these biomarkers is crucial for CVD prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term effects of a 12-week smoking cessation intervention on circulating ET-1, TNF-α, and IL-6.
- To determine if smoking cessation leads to a sustained reduction in these CVD risk biomarkers.
- To investigate the association between cotinine levels and changes in ET-1 following smoking cessation.
Main Methods:
- A 12-week smoking cessation program was implemented with 30 participants.
- Serum cotinine, plasma ET-1, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were measured at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and 12 months post-cessation (12M).
- Statistical analyses were used to assess changes in biomarkers and their correlations.
Main Results:
- Serum cotinine levels significantly decreased at EOT and 12M, confirming successful smoking cessation.
- TNF-α levels were significantly reduced at EOT and 12M compared to baseline.
- ET-1 levels showed a significant reduction at EOT and a trend towards reduction at 12M, with baseline cotinine correlating with basal ET-1.
Conclusions:
- A 12-week smoking cessation program effectively reduces circulating ET-1 and TNF-α for at least one year.
- The observed decrease in ET-1 following cessation is associated with reduced cotinine levels.
- These biomarker reductions suggest a potential mechanism through which smoking cessation lowers cardiovascular disease risk.
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