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Distribution and maturation state of peripheral blood dendritic cells in children with primary hypertension

Izabela Kubiszewska1, Lidia Gackowska1, Łukasz Obrycki2

  • 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.

Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
|December 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Adolescents with primary hypertension show altered dendritic cell (DC) numbers and maturation, with changes correlating to organ damage. White coat hypertension exhibits intermediate DC phenotypes, suggesting early immune system involvement in hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in immune regulation and T cell responses.
  • Hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) involves complex immunological pathways.
  • Adolescent hypertension requires understanding of early pathophysiological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the numbers, maturation, and activation of peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets (total DCs, myeloid DCs, plasmacytoid DCs) in adolescents with primary hypertension (PH) and white coat hypertension (WCH).
  • To determine the association between DC characteristics and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) markers (cIMT, LVMI, PWV) and immune parameters in adolescents.
  • To compare DC profiles across normotensive children, adolescents with WCH, and adolescents with PH.

Main Methods:

  • Multicolor flow cytometry was used to quantify DC subsets (tDCs, mDCs, pDCs) and assess maturation/activation markers (CD86, CD83, HLA-DR, CD11c, CD123).
  • Peripheral Th17 and T-reg cell distributions were analyzed.
  • Hypertension-mediated organ damage was evaluated using carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with PH exhibited reduced total and plasmacytoid DC numbers, increased myeloid DC percentages, and an elevated mDC/pDC ratio compared to normotensive and WCH groups.
  • Mature myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (CD83 high) and increased expression of DC activation markers (HLA-DR, CD86) were observed in PH.
  • DC numbers and maturation markers correlated significantly with HMOD markers (PWV, LVMI, cIMT), with reduced tDCs/pDCs and increased mDCs associated with higher organ damage.

Conclusions:

  • Primary hypertension in adolescents is characterized by distinct alterations in peripheral blood dendritic cell populations and maturation states.
  • These dendritic cell changes are associated with hypertension-mediated organ damage, indicating a role in adolescent cardiovascular pathology.
  • White coat hypertension displays an intermediate dendritic cell phenotype, suggesting potential early immune dysregulation preceding established primary hypertension.

Keywords:
arterial stiffnesschildrendendritic cellslymphocyte maturationprimary hypertension

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