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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

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The COSEVAST Study Outcome: Evidence of COVID-19 Severity Proportionate to Surge in Arterial Stiffness

Neeraj Kumar1, Sanjeev Kumar2, Abhyuday Kumar3

  • 1Department of Trauma and Emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|December 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 infection causes significant arterial stiffness, a marker of disease severity. This study demonstrates that arterial stiffness increases with COVID-19 severity, indicating functional arterial damage.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacts the cardiovascular system, primarily through endothelial cell infection, inflammation, and damage.
  • Empirical evidence for functional compromise of arterial walls in SARS-CoV-2 infection was previously lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional arterial damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To establish noninvasive arterial stiffness measurements as an independent marker for COVID-19 severity.

Main Methods:

  • Arterial stiffness was assessed in 64 COVID-19 patients across mild, moderate, and severe categories based on NIH criteria.
  • Key parameters measured included carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), age-normalized cfPWV (ANI_cfPWV), age-normalized aortic augmentation pressure (ANI_AugP), and heart rate-normalized augmentation index (HRN_AIx).
  • Statistical analysis corrected for significant confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Moderate and severe COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly elevated arterial stiffness compared to mild cases.
  • Mild patients had cfPWV of 829.1 ± 139.2 cm/s, significantly lower than moderate (1067 ± 152.5 cm/s) and severe (1416 ± 253.9 cm/s) groups (p <0.0001).
  • ANI_cfPWV was significantly higher in moderate and severe groups compared to mild, with results remaining consistent after confounding factor correction.

Conclusions:

  • This study confirms functional arterial deterioration in COVID-19 patients.
  • Arterial stiffness is directly proportional to the severity of COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessCOVID-19COVID-19 ARDSEndothelial injuryIntensive care unit

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