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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity.

Valerio Vinti1, Giovanni Battista Dell'Isola1, Giorgia Tascini1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Frontiers in Neurology
|December 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently co-occurs with psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression, particularly in children with hippocampal sclerosis. Early detection and management of these comorbidities are crucial for improving quality of life.

Keywords:
antiseizure medications (ASMs)bi-directional hypothesishippocampal sclerosispsychiatric comorbiditytemporal lobe epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Focal seizures often originate in the temporal lobe, leading to mesial or lateral temporal epilepsy.
  • Mesial temporal epilepsy is characterized by aura, unconsciousness, and automatisms, while lateral temporal epilepsy presents with less evident psychomotor arrest and dystonic postures.
  • Hippocampal sclerosis is a common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the correlation between temporal lobe epilepsy and psychiatric disorders.
  • To explore the underlying conditions contributing to these comorbidities.
  • To highlight the impact of psychiatric comorbidities on patients' quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review analyzing existing studies on TLE and psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Examination of the relationship between TLE subtypes, hippocampal sclerosis, and psychiatric features.
  • Discussion of the bidirectional hypothesis linking TLE and psychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities, including anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoria.
  • These comorbidities are more prevalent in pediatric TLE with hippocampal sclerosis and pharmacoresistance.
  • Cognitive, learning, and behavioral impairments often accompany psychiatric alterations in TLE patients.

Conclusions:

  • A strong correlation exists between TLE and psychiatric disorders, suggesting a shared pathophysiology.
  • Psychiatric comorbidities significantly diminish the quality of life for children with TLE and their families.
  • Early identification and intervention for psychiatric issues in TLE are essential for better patient outcomes.