Hyperthyroidism secondary to a primary mediastinal goiter with normal functional cervical thyroid gland

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Primary mediastinal goiter is an exceptionally rare condition.
• Most cases are asymptomatic incidental findings on chest imaging.
• Symptoms are infrequently associated with mediastinal goiters.

Observation:

• This report details a rare case of hyperthyroidism.
• The hyperthyroidism was directly secondary to a primary mediastinal goiter.
• The patient presented with symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Findings:

• A primary mediastinal goiter was identified as the cause of hyperthyroidism.
• This contrasts with the typical asymptomatic presentation of mediastinal goiters.
• The case underscores a rare clinical manifestation of this condition.

Implications:

• Clinicians should consider hyperthyroidism in patients with primary mediastinal goiter.
• This case expands the known clinical spectrum of mediastinal goiters.
• Further investigation into the pathophysiology of symptomatic mediastinal goiters may be warranted.