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Related Concept Videos

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases


The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
Electron Behavior01:09

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...

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Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles
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First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA.

A Yakushev1,2, L Lens1,3, Ch E Düllmann1,2,3

  • 1GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|December 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nihonium (Nh) atoms exhibit higher chemical reactivity than flerovium (Fl) atoms, as confirmed by initial gas-phase chemistry experiments. Advanced detection systems are needed for further studies of these superheavy elements.

Keywords:
TASCAelement 113gas phase chromatographynihoniumphysical preseparationsuperheavy elements

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are superheavy elements with occupied 7p electron shells.
  • Relativistic effects significantly influence the electronic structure and predicted chemical properties of these elements.
  • Flerovium is predicted to be inert due to a stabilized closed 7p sub-shell, while Nihonium's reactivity is expected due to an unpaired 7p electron.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical reactivity of Nihonium (Nh) in the gas phase.
  • To compare the experimentally observed reactivity of Nh with theoretical predictions and with its neighbor Flerovium (Fl).
  • To assess the feasibility of studying Nh chemistry using newly developed experimental setups.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations of Nh reactivity.
  • Gas-phase chemical studies of Nh.
  • Experimental testing of the miniCOMPACT detection device using Francium (Fr) isotopes.

Main Results:

  • Experimental observations indicate that Nihonium (Nh) atoms are more chemically reactive than Flerovium (Fl) atoms.
  • The findings align with theoretical expectations of Nh's higher reactivity.
  • Initial tests of the miniCOMPACT detector with Francium (Fr) suggest its suitability for future Nh studies.

Conclusions:

  • Nihonium (Nh) demonstrates higher chemical reactivity compared to Flerovium (Fl).
  • Advanced experimental setups are necessary for effective chemical studies of Nihonium.
  • The miniCOMPACT detector shows promise for future investigations into the chemistry of superheavy elements like Nihonium.