Physical work conditions and disparities in later life functioning: Potential pathways.

Area of Science:

• Occupational health
• Sociology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Social determinants of reduced physical functioning in older age often overlook physical work conditions.
• Occupational health literature links physical work exposures to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
• MSDs can lead to chronic conditions, functional limitations, and reduced independence in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine disparities in exposure to physical work risk factors among sociodemographic groups.
• To investigate the role of physical work exposures as a pathway for disparities in physical functioning.

Main Methods:

• Synthesized occupational health literature on physical work exposures and MSDs.
• Utilized Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data linked with the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS).
• Analyzed occupational characteristics and sociodemographic disparities in exposure to physical demands.

Main Results:

• High physical demands are prevalent beyond manual labor, including service sector jobs.
• A significant education gradient exists, with less educated workers facing greater physical demands.
• Racial and ethnic disparities are pronounced: Hispanic, Black, and Native American workers face higher risks than White and Asian workers.
• Jobs with high physical exposures offer lower pay and less health insurance, hindering injury management.

Conclusions:

• Physical work exposures are a critical, underrecognized pathway contributing to disparities in physical functioning.
• Addressing occupational physical demands is essential for reducing health inequities and promoting healthy aging.