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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
Published on: December 31, 2017
Spatially resolved sampling of the human oral cavity for metabolic profiling
Alessio Ciurli1,2, Rico J E Derks2, Maximilian Liebl2
1Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, ZA, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Here, we present a spatially resolved sampling protocol for the oral human cavity aimed at untargeted metabolomics. We describe the spatial collection of salivary biospecimens, their preparation, and subsequent mass-spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis. Our protocol avoids complex procedures generally required for gland-specific saliva collection. For the human oral cavity, we provide an easy, flexible, and reproducible solution to comprehensively map the highly heterogeneous environment and elucidate the functionality of salivary components. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ciurli et al. (2021).
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