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Fetal lipidome and incident risk of food allergy: A prospective birth cohort study

Xiumei Hong1, Liming Liang2, Hongkai Ji3

  • 1Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|December 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Specific long-chain triacylglycerols in newborns are linked to a lower risk of developing food allergies. Combined maternal and infant levels show an additive protective effect, suggesting potential biomarkers for early detection.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolomics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Lipids play a role in adaptive immunity and allergy development, but findings are inconsistent.
  • Understanding the newborn lipidome's impact on food allergy (FA) risk is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the newborn lipidome and the risk of developing food allergy (FA).
  • To explore the combined effects of maternal and cord blood lipid metabolites on FA development.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 202 lipid metabolites in cord plasma from 647 mother-child pairs.
  • Utilized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for lipid profiling.
  • Applied logistic regression to assess relationships between metabolites and FA risk.

Main Results:

  • Found that specific cord triacylglycerols (long carbon chains, multiple double bonds) were associated with decreased FA risk.
  • Observed an additive protective effect of maternal and cord blood triacylglycerols on FA risk.
  • Children with high levels of C56:8 triacylglycerol in both maternal and cord plasma had the lowest FA risk (OR=0.24).

Conclusions:

  • This is the first birth cohort study linking cord plasma lipidome to childhood FA risk.
  • Suggests triacylglycerols with long carbon chains and multiple double bonds as potential predictive biomarkers for FA.
  • Highlights the need for further research into triacylglycerols as therapeutic targets for food allergy.
Abstract

Keywords:
food allergyfood sensitizationlipidomemother-child pairstriacylglycerol

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