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Early detection of a tree pathogen using airborne remote sensing.

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Summary

Rapid

Keywords:
CeratocystisGlobal Airborne ObservatoryHawaiʻi IslandMetrosideros polymorphaRapid ʻŌhiʻa Deathcanopy chemistryimaging spectroscopyōhiʻa

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Native Hawaiian forests face an ecological crisis due to Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death (ROD), a fungal disease impacting the keystone 'ōhi'a tree (Metrosideros polymorpha).
  • ROD causes rapid canopy browning and tree mortality within weeks, necessitating early detection for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a prognostic indicator for early detection of tree stress preceding visible symptoms of Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death.
  • To assess the effectiveness of imaging spectroscopy for identifying 'ōhi'a trees at risk of ROD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized repeat laser-guided imaging spectroscopy (LGIS) data from the Global Airborne Observatory (GAO) in 2018 and 2019.
  • Derived foliar trait indices to distinguish between healthy and stressed 'ōhi'a canopies.
  • Analyzed spectral reflectance changes in the near-infrared and shortwave-infrared regions.

Main Results:

  • Foliar trait indices in 2018 showed separability between canopies that later browned (TBB) and those that remained green, indicating pre-symptomatic stress.
  • Canopy water content, foliar tannins, leaf mass per area, phenols, cellulose, and non-structural carbohydrates were key drivers of spectral changes.
  • Significant spectral reflectance alterations were observed in the near-infrared and shortwave-infrared regions.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging spectroscopy can identify 'ōhi'a trees under physiological stress indicative of impending Rapid 'Ōhi'a Death before visible symptoms appear.
  • Understanding foliar trait responses to ROD provides insights into disease progression and aids in developing effective monitoring and management strategies.