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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
Published on: March 30, 2012
Application of NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for Non-destructive evaluation of apple moisture content
Amir Malvandi1, Hao Feng2, Mohammed Kamruzzaman1
1Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Abstract:
Direct-contact ultrasonic drying is a novel approach to dehydrate fruits and vegetables to reduce microbial growth and post-harvest loss while preserving nutrients and the quality of the final product. Moisture content is a critical component for food behavior during drying, and its accurate evaluation in real-time is essential for food quality control. This study conveys the potential implementation of portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multivariate analysis for real-time assessment of moisture content in apple slices during direct-contact ultrasonic drying. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) models were developed, and their performances for different pre-treatments methods and data partitioning algorithms were evaluated with both internal cross-validation and an external dataset. Three wavelengths were selected by SPA (1359, 1517, and 1594 nm) which were then used to introduce a closed-form equation for moisture content prediction with R2p = 0.99 and RMSEP = 3.32%. The results revealed that portable NIRS combined with multivariate analysis is quite promising for monitoring and evaluating the moisture content during ultrasonic drying.
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