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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

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Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea.

Rachel A Earl1, Rosalie M Grivell2

  • 1Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia.

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Summary

Nifedipine may offer pain relief for primary dysmenorrhoea, but evidence is limited. More research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety for period pain management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gynaecology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Primary dysmenorrhoea, characterized by recurrent pelvic pain during menstruation, significantly impacts women's well-being and productivity.
  • It is attributed to uterine contractions caused by prostaglandins, leading to reduced oxygen supply and pain.
  • Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used for preterm labor, inhibits uterine contractions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nifedipine in treating primary dysmenorrhoea.
  • To determine if nifedipine's ability to inhibit uterine contractions translates to menstrual pain relief.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nifedipine with placebo for primary dysmenorrhoea was conducted.
  • Searches included multiple databases and trial registers up to November 25, 2021, without language restrictions.
  • Primary outcomes were pain and health-related quality of life; secondary outcomes included adverse effects and need for additional medication.

Main Results:

  • Three small RCTs (106 participants) were identified, with data from two trials (66 participants) analyzed.
  • Nifedipine showed potential for pain relief compared to placebo (OR 9.04), with estimated relief rates between 64-95% versus 40% for placebo.
  • Evidence quality was very low; uncertainty remains regarding additional analgesia use and adverse effects, though participant preference for nifedipine was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence exists to confirm nifedipine's efficacy for primary dysmenorrhoea due to low-quality, small trials.
  • Larger, well-conducted trials are necessary to establish nifedipine's role, tolerability, and effectiveness.
  • Nifedipine is inexpensive, readily available, and its safety is established in other contexts, making it a potential alternative treatment.