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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
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01:29Intellectual Disability
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01:27Halo Effect
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01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Is enhancement inherently ableist?
1Department of Philosophy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Bioethics
|December 18, 2021
Summary
Human enhancement technologies can coexist with disability justice. By drawing on social justice movements and promoting accessible environments, genuine choice in enhancement use can be achieved, mitigating ableism.
Area of Science:
- Bioethics
- Disability Studies
- Philosophy of Technology
Background:
- Transhumanist enhancement proposals face criticism regarding their implications for disability.
- Concerns exist that enhancement technologies may devalue interdependence and vulnerability, reinforcing ableist social structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address objections that human enhancement is inherently in conflict with disability justice.
- To explore how enhancement technologies can be developed and utilized in ways that align with social justice principles.
Main Methods:
- Philosophical analysis of transhumanist arguments and disability rights critiques.
- Drawing upon concepts from disability rights and broader social justice movements.
- Examining the role of social context and accessibility in technology adoption.
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Main Results:
- Enhancement technologies do not necessarily conflict with disability justice.
- Potential for enhancement to reinforce ableism and oppression exists but can be mitigated.
- Accessible environments and openness to diverse well-being indicators are crucial.
Conclusions:
- Human enhancement can be pursued in ways that support, rather than undermine, disability justice.
- Mitigation strategies involve integrating disability rights perspectives and fostering inclusive social contexts.
- Genuine choice in utilizing enhancement technologies requires addressing ableism and promoting accessibility.