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Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos
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Pidotimod increases inflammation in wounded zebrafish embryos.

Li Ding1, Kaiming Luo2, Carl G Feng3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 20006, Australia; Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|December 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pidotimod (PDT) enhances zebrafish inflammation by increasing immune cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine il1b. However, PDT did not protect against bacterial infections in zebrafish larvae.

Keywords:
InflammationPidotimodTail woundToxicityZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Zebrafish models
  • Inflammation research

Background:

  • Pidotimod (PDT) is a synthetic dipeptide known to boost immune responses in mammals.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying PDT's protective effects against infection are not fully understood.
  • The impact of PDT on inflammatory responses in zebrafish has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Pidotimod (PDT) on inflammation in zebrafish.
  • To explore PDT's influence on immune cell recruitment and cytokine expression in a zebrafish model.
  • To assess PDT's efficacy in protecting zebrafish larvae against bacterial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish larvae were exposed to Pidotimod (PDT) via immersion to determine toxicity thresholds.
  • A tail wound assay was employed to evaluate PDT's impact on neutrophil and macrophage recruitment.
  • Gene expression analysis was performed to measure the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il1b.
  • Infection models using uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium marinum were used to test PDT's protective effects.

Main Results:

  • Zebrafish larvae exhibited toxicity at PDT immersion doses exceeding 50 μg/mL.
  • PDT treatment led to increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the wound site.
  • PDT promoted the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il1b in zebrafish.
  • No significant protection was observed in zebrafish larvae infected with Escherichia coli or Mycobacterium marinum following PDT treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Zebrafish larvae are sensitive to PDT, with toxicity observed above 50 μg/mL.
  • PDT modulates inflammatory responses in zebrafish by enhancing immune cell infiltration and il1b expression.
  • PDT did not confer protection against the tested bacterial infections in zebrafish larvae.
  • This study establishes a novel zebrafish platform for further PDT research and mechanism elucidation.